The Concept of Baligh Perspective of Fiqh and Positive Law

Ibnu Amin; Lendrawati Lendrawati; Faisal Efendi; Hertasmaldi Hertasmaldi

doi:10.29240/jhi.v7i2.5268

The Concept of Baligh Perspective of Fiqh and Positive Law

Ibnu Amin, Lendrawati Lendrawati, Faisal Efendi, Hertasmaldi Hertasmaldi

Abstract

This paper aims to elaborate the concept of baliqh from the perspective of fiqh and Positive Law in Indonesia as the fuqaha's opinion about baligh and adult in Law no. 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, Law No. 24 of 2013 concerning Population Administration and Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The research method used is a literature study by tracking, comparing and analyzing doctrinal normative law through a qualitative approach in content analysis about baligh and adulthood. The results of the research revealed that baligh in fiqh with the rusyd benchmark when referring to the signs of puberty, namely ihtilam (wet dreams for men), menstruation (for women), hair growth around the pubic and age ranges from 15 to 19 years. Whereas, in the Indonesian Positive Law, adults are classified based on interests, namely adults for marriage age limit of 19 years for men and women, adults to have population administration (KTP), driver's license and have political rights at the age of 17 years. To determine the limit of children, notary position and citizenship age 18 years while income tax, free from guardianship and recognized as labor at the age of 21 years. The determination of the limits of puberty and adulthood is included in the category of mashlahah 'ammah, namely the general benefit that concerns the interests of many people.

Keywords

Baliqh; fiqh; positive law

Full Text:

PDF

References

Al-Syafi’i, Muhammad ibn Idris. , Al-Umm I, Beirut, Dar al-Fikri, 1990, 1990.

Al-Tirmizi, Muhammad ibn ’Isa ibn Saurah. Sunan At-Tirmidzi, Beirut, Dar al-Firk, 1980, 1980.

Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh al-Islam Wa Adillatuh, Damsyiq, Dar al-Fikr, Jilid.1, n.d.

Chalil, Zaki Fuad. Chalil, Zaki Fuad, “Tinjauan Batas Minimal Usia Kawin; Studi Perbandingan Antara Kitab-Kitab Fikih Dan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Di Negara-Negara Muslim,” Badilag, Mimbar Hukum. Vol. VII, no. 2, 2006.

Dahlan, Abdul Aziz, Ed). Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam, Jakarta, Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve, 1997.

Daru Nugroho, Bambang. Hukum Perdata Di Indonesia Integrasi Hukum Di Eropa Kontinental Ke Dalam Sistem Hukum Adat Dan Nasional. Bandung: PT. Rafika Aditama, 2017.

Daud, Abu. Sunan Abu Daud. Juz.13. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, n.d.

Hadikusuman, Hilman. Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Menurut Perundangan, Hukum Adat Dan Hukum Agama, Bandung, Mandar Maju, 1990, 1990.

Hamidy, Muammal dkk. Terjemahan Tafsir Ayat Ahkam Ash-Shabuni, Surabaya, PT. Bina Ilmu, 2003, Cet. Ke.4. Vol. 7. Surabay, 2003.

Imron, Ali. Kontribusi Hukum Islam Terhadap Pembangunan Hukum Nasional ( Studi Konsepsi Taklif Dan Mas’uliyat Dalam Legislasi Hukum), Semarang, Disertasi Universitas Diponegoro, 2008.

Kadarisman, Achmad, and Tutik Hamidah. “Pembatasan Usia Perkawinan Dalam Sudut Pandang Maqashid Syari’ah Al Syathibi,” n.d., 24.

Katsir. Katsir, Ibnu, Tafsir Ibnu Katsier, Mesir, Dar al-Kutub, t.Th, Juz IV, n.d.

Mughniyah, Muhammad Jawad. Fikih Lima Mazhab, Alih Bahasa Masykur AB, Jakarta, Lentera, 1999, Cet. IV. Jakarta, 1999.

Mujieb, M.Abdul dkk. , Kamus Istilah Fiqh, Jakarta : Pustaka Firdaus, Cet.Ke 4 2010, n.d.

Musyarrafa, Nur Ihdatul, and Subehan Khalik. “Batas Usia Pernikahan Dalam Islam; Analisis Ulama Mazhab Terhadap Batas Usia Nikah.” Shautuna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbandingan Mazhab dan Hukum, January 1, 1970. https://doi.org/10.24252/shautuna.v1i3.15465.

Nasruddin. “Batas Usia Perkawinan Menurut UU Nomor16 Tahun 2019 Dan KUH Perdata Pasal 330.” Al-Hukkam; Jurnal of Islamic Family Law, 2, 1, no. 2 (2021): h. 192-206.

Pitrotussaadah. “Batas Usia Minimal Perkawinan Menurut Perspektif Hukum Positif Di Indonesia Dan Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Muttaqien, 1, Vol. 1., no. No. 1 (July 2020): 74–84.

Qohar, Abd, Muhammad Zaki, Liky Faizal, and Hilmi Yusron Rofi’i. “Mut’ah Marriage Law in Perspective of Sayyid Husain Al-Thaba’thabaí and Their Relevance with Family Law in Indonesia.” Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 225. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.3714.

Rahmawati, Melinda, and Heni Ani Nuraeni. “Peran Dispensasi Kawin dalam Peningkatan Angka Pernikahan Dini di Wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Barat.” Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 1. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i1.1578.

Republik Indonesia, Departemen Agama. Al-Quran Dan Terjemahnya. Bandung: Diponegoro, t.th.

Ridha, Muhammad Rasyid. Tafsir Al-Manar, Mesir, Al-Manar, 2000 M/1460 H, Juz I, n.d.

Ruzaipah. “PenetapanUsiaKedewasaan Dalam Sistem Hukum Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Misaqan Ghalizan, 1, Volume I (June 1, 2021): 1–20.

Sainul, Ahmad. “Konsep Kedewasaan Subyek Hukum.” Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial 5, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 257–69. https://doi.org/10.24952/el-qonuniy.v5i2.2153.

Subekti, R. Hukum Perjanjian, Jakarta, Intermasa, 1987, Cet.XI. Vol. 9. Jakarta, 1987.

Sudarsono. Hukum Perkawinan Nasional, Jakarta, Rineka Cipta, 2005, Cet. III. Jakarta, 2005.

Syarifuddin, Amir. “Pembaharuan Pemikiran Dalam Hukum Islam, Padang, Angkasa Raya, 1990,” 1990.

“UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2019.Pdf,” n.d.

“UU Nomor 24 Tahun 2013.Pdf,” n.d.

“UU. RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 Tentang Administrasi Kependudukan UU. RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak,” no. 23 (2006): 2002.

“UU_Nomor_7_Tahun_2017_-_Batang_Tubuh_-_Hal._1-150.Pdf,” n.d.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i2.5268