Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Pencegahan Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Perspektif Maqashid Syari’ah

Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor; Muhammad Ngizzul Muttaqin

doi:10.29240/jhi.v5i2.1946

Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Pencegahan Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Perspektif Maqashid Syari’ah

Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, Muhammad Ngizzul Muttaqin

Abstract

This study aims to provide an overview of several Indonesian government policies relate to prevent the spreading of Covid-19 from the perspective of maqashid syari'ah. This is due to the spreading of Covid-19 in Indonesia which has had several negative impacts. One of the negative impacts is to pose a threat to human existence, namely threatening human life and life. This condition requires the Indonesian government to issue various policies as an effort to prevent the spreading of Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative method with discourse analysis that discusses the legal-socio-contextual side of Indonesian government regulations and policies related to the prevention of the spreading of Covid-19 from the perspective of maqashid syari'ah. The findings of this study show, first, that all Indonesian government policies in the context of preventing the spreading of Covid-19 are a manifestation of maqashid syari'ah, namely as an effort to protect human existence as well as the embodiment of personal and group interests. Second, the realization of mashlahah as the essence of maqashid syari'ah can be realized by the existence of cooperation between the central and regional governments and the community to comply with and implement all government policies as a whole.

Keywords

Government Policy, Covid-19, Maqashid Syari'ah.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Al-Ghazali. Al-Mustasfa. Mesir: Maktabah al-Jumdiyah, 2010.

Al-Khadimy, Nuruddin ibn Mukhtar. Al-Ijtihad Al-Maqashidi. Doha: Wazarah al-Awqaf wa al-Syu’un al-Islamiyah, 2005.

Al-Raisuni, Ahmad. Maqashid Al-Maqashid: Al-Ghayat Al-’Ilmiyah Wa Al-’Amaliah Li Maqashid Syari’ah. Lebanon: Al-Syabakah al-’Arabiyah Li Abhast Wa al-Nasyir, 2013.

Al-Shatibi, Abu Ishaq. Al-Muwafaqot Fi Ushul Al-Syari’ah Juz 4. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah, 2004.

Amaroh, Siti & Masturin. “The Determinants of Maqasid Shariah Based Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia.” IQTISHADIA: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam 11, no. 2 (2018).

CCNINDONESIA, “Ahli: Rantai Penularan Covid-19Cepat, Sulit Dihentikan,” Senin 23 Maret, 2020.

Dasuki, Asyraf Wajdi and Nurdianawati Irwani Abdullah. “Maqashid Al-Shari’ah, Maslahah and Corporate Social Responsibility.” American Journal Of Islamic Social Sciences 24, no. 1 (2007).

Data BNBP Indoneisa, Gugus Tugas Menanganan Covid-19Untuk Indonesia.

Detiknews. “Kemenhub Keluarkan Aturan Soal Larangan Mudik 2020.” 23 April, 2020.

Djalante, Riyanti. “Review and Analysis of Current Responses to COVID-19In Indonesia: Periodof January to March 2020.” Progress in Disaster Sciences, no. 6 (2020).

Gischa, Gischa. Jumlah Penduduk Indonesia 2020. diakses melalui https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/01/08/060000069/jumlah-penduduk-indonesia-2020?page=all pada tanggal 5 April 2020.

Graham, Rachel L. And Ralph S. Baric. “SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus Emergence.” Journal Pre-Proof 016, no. 04 (2020).

Gunadha, Reza dan Farah Nabilla. “Sebulan Pandemi Corona, Pemerintah Sudah Keluarkan 5 Aturan.” Suara.Com, 2020.

Harirah, Zulfa & Annas Rizaldi. “Merespon Nalar Kebijakan Negara Dalam menangani Pandemi Covid 19 Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keijakan Publik Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2020).

Ibn ’Asyur, Muhammad Thahir. Ushul Al-Nidzam Al-Ijtima’i Fi Al-Islam. Kairo: Dar al-Islam, 2010.

Juaningsing, Imas Novita dkk. “Optimalisasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Penanganan Covid 19 Terhadap Masyarakat Indonesia.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar’i 7, no. 6 (2020).

Kasdi, Abdurrohman. “Actualizations Of Maqasid Al-Shariah In Modern Life: Maqasid Al-Shariah Theory As A Method Of The Development Of Islamic Laws And Shariah Economics,” Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 16, no. 2 (2019.

KOMPAS.com, “Penyebaran Virus Corona Di Indonesia Masuk Level Sulit Dilacak,” 20 April, 2020.

KOMPAS.com, “Upaya Pemerintah Lawan Pelemahan Ekonomi: Berikan BLT Hingga Kucurkan Rp. 158,2 Triliun,” 27 Maret, 2020.

Kumar, Pramod, Sharma Dharmendra Kumar, Rishabha Malviya. “Corona Virus: A Review of COVID-19.” EJMO 4, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.14744/ejmo.2020.51418.

Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia dalam Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 pasal 55.

Maharani, Tsarina. “Jubir Pemerintah: Penerapan Physical Distancing Diperkuat Melalui Kebijakan PSBB.” Kompas.Com, 2020.

Muttaqin, Muhammad Ngizzul & Iffatin Nur. “Menelusuri Jejak Maqashid Syari’ah Dalam Istimbath Hukum Imam Hambali.” Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2019).

N Zhu, Song J, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B. “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019.” New England Journal of Medicine, 2020.

Nur, Iffatin & Muhammad Ngizzul Muttaqin. “Reformulating The Concept of Maṣlaḥah: From A Textual Confinement Towards A Logic Determination.” Justicia Islamica Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 17, no. 1 (2020).

Nurdin, Muhammad Saddam, Hayatullah Mubarok & Alif Jumai Rajab. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Pada Edaran Pemerintah Dan MUI Dalam Menyikapi Wabah Covid 19.” Bustanul Fuqaha: Jurnal Bidang Hukum Islam 1, no. 2 (2020).

Patton, M.Q. Qualitative Evaluation Methods. London: Sage Publication, 1980.

Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2018 Pasal 4.

Pranita, Ellyvon. Indonesia Belum Sampai Puncak Pandemi Corona, Ahli Ingatkan Puncak Gelombang Kedua. Kompas, artikel online dalam: https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/ahli-indonesia-belum-sampai-puncak-pandemi-corona-waspada-gelombang-kedua?page=all. Diakses, 10 April 2020, pukul 19:00 WIB.

Reski, Annissa & Nur Rohim Yunus. “Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Lockdown Sebagai Antisipasi Penyebaran Corona Virus Covid-19.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar’i 7, no. 3 (2020), h. 231, https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15083.

Sajeed, Kapil Ahmad Naeen.”Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Strategy for Prevention.” Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2020).

Saputra, Saputra and Busyro. “Kawin Maupah: An Obligation To Get Married After Talak Tiga In The Tradition Of Binjai Village In Pasaman District A Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Review.” QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies 6, no. 2 (2018).

Soros, Abd Karim. Al’-Aql Wa Al-Tajribah. Lebanon: Al-Intisyar al-Arabi, 2010.

Spadaro, Alessandra. “COVID-19: Testing the Limits of Human Rights.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no. 2 (2020).

Susanto, Mei & Teguh Tresna Puja Asmara. “The Economy Versus Human Rights In Handling Covid-19: Dichotomy or Harmonization.” Jurnal HAM 11, no. 2 (2020), h. 310.

Syafei, Zakaria. “Tracing Maqasid Al-Shari’ah In The Fatwas Of Indonesian Council Of Ulama (MUI).” Journal of Indonesian Islam 11, no. 1 (2017).

Thompson, Robin N. “Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2020: Intense Surveillance Is Vital for Preventing Sustained Transmission in New Locations.” Journal Of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 498 (2020).

Whang, H Q. Deng Y. Fang, S. Zhang, Zhijian Yu. “Shenzhen Experience on Containing 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Transmission.” QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 1, no. 1 (2020).

Zahrah, Abu. Ushul Al-Fiqh. Kairo: Dar al-Arabi, 2005.

Zhang, Yamping. “The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) China 2020.” Chinese Center for Desease Control and Prevention 8. No. 2 (2020).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v5i2.1946