Maqasid Sharia Perspective in Changes the Marriage  Age Limits for Women According to Law Number 16 of 2019

Darlin Rizki; Frina Oktalita; Ali Sodiqin

doi:10.29240/jhi.v7i2.4016

Maqasid Sharia Perspective in Changes the Marriage Age Limits for Women According to Law Number 16 of 2019

Darlin Rizki, Frina Oktalita, Ali Sodiqin

Abstract

This study analyzes the changes to Law no. 16 of 2019 on Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning the age limit of marriage. There are various responses in society, socio-cultural clashes and even religion cannot be avoided, where this situation is increasingly difficult to achieve the goal of marriage. This raises the question, why is it necessary to rearrange the age limits for marriage, and what background causes it? This study uses the maqasid sharia approach with the System theory of Jasser Auda. This type of research is descriptive qualitative using the maqasid sharia approach. The object of study is Law no. 19 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. This study uses secondary data from two sources. First, the primary source is taken from the text of the Law and the Decision of the Constitutional Court. Second, secondary sources such as books, journals, reports, magazines, newspapers, and so on. Then the data are interpreted and analyzed descriptively. The results of this study showed that the determination of changes to the law regarding the age limit for marriage can be classified into the interests of al-dharurriyah (primary), which are important and must be fulfilled to achieve the goals of sharia, namely safety. The analysis of maqasid sharia with six subsystem features explains that protected interests are closely related, which are related to one another, representing age differences in marriage, which is a form of discrimination. The scope of the provisions on the age limit for marriage is classified as maqasid ‘ammah, because it covers all the interests of women in Indonesia. Also, as maqasid khassah, legal protection from the fulfillment of basic rights and constitutional rights as citizens. The level of dharuriyah does not always have the implication of obligatory syar'i (causing sin) but only until obligatory hukm (must), because the legal provisions are explored by mujtahids and are based on the absence of qat'y texts on this issue.

Keywords

Changes in the age of marriage; dharuriyah; system; maqasid sharia

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdurrahman. Kompilasi Hukum Islam Di Indonesia. Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo, 1992.

al, J. Setyawan et. “Dampak Psikologis Pada Perkawinan Remaja Di Jawa Timur.” Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 7, No. 2 (2016): 15–36.

Amin, Subhan. “Kedailan Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Terhadap Masyarakat.” Journal El-Afkar: Jurnal Peikiran Keislaman Dan Tafsir Hadis Vol. 8, No. 1 (2019): 1.

Ar-Robin, and Ali Sodiqin. “Diversity in Determining Maturity Age In Indonesia Law: Maqasi Al-Shariah Perspective.” Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Vol. 18, No. 1 (2021): 59–77.

Asmara, Musda, and Reti Andira. “Urgensi Talak Di Depan Sidang Pengadilan Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 3, No. 2 (2018): 207–26.

Asrori, Achmad. “Batas Usia Perkawinan Menurut Fuqaha Dan Penerapanya Dalam Undang-Undang” Vol. 13, No. 4 (1982): 804–26.

As-Syatibi. Al-Muafaqat. Jakarta: Husada Bengkulu, 2012.

Auda, Jaser. Maqasid Al-Syariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Syistem Approach. London: The Internasional Institute Of Islamic Thought, 2007.

Azmi, Amaya. “Batas Usia Minimal Perkawinan (Analisis Terhadap Putusan MK No. 20-74/PUU-XII/2014).” Makalah Ilmiah, June 2021.

Badan Pusat Statistik. “Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak (Percepatan Yang Tidak Bisa Ditunda),” Jakarat 2020, 14.

Christian, Jordy Hery, and Kirana Edenela. “Terampasnya Hak-Hak Perempuan Akibat Diskriminasi Batas Usia Perkawinan.” Journal Lex Scientia Law Review Vo. 3, No. 3 (Mei 2019): 1–14.

Copy of the Constitusional Court’s Descisions No. 33-74/PUU-XII/2014, n.d.

Departemen agama Republik Indonesia. Al-Quran Dan Terjemahannya. Bandung: Jumatul Ali, 2005.

E, Sari, J Santoso, and Saryono. “Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Hygiene Saat Menstruasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Keterampilan Remaja Putri Dalam Merawat Perinum Saat Menstruasi.” Artike Journal: Journal of Perpustakaan, Semarang 2010.

Fadhilah, Nur, and Khairiyati Rahmah. “Rekonstruksi Batas Usia Perkawinan Anak Dalam Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Journal De Jure Vol. 4, No. 1 (2012): 49–61.

Gumanti, Retna. “Maqasid Al-Syariah Menurut Jaser Auda (Pendekatan Sistem Dalam Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Al-Himayah Vo. 2, No. 1 (2018): 97–118.

Hadi, Samsul. “Putusan Mk No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 Tentang Permohonan Judicial Review Pasal 7 Ayat (1) UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan Dalam Perspektif Maslahah.” Journal Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 11, No. 2 (2020): 72.

Hanum, Yuspa, and Tikiman. “Dampak Pernikahan Dini Terhadap Kesehatan.” Journal Keluarga Sehat Sejahtera Vol. 13, No. 26 (2017): 36–43.

Ilma, Mughniatul. “Regulasi Dispensasi Dalam Penguatan Aturan Batas Usia Kawin Bagi Anak Pasca Lahirnya UU No. 16 Tahun 2019.” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam 2, No. 2 (2020): 133–66.

M.B, Kurniawan. “Politik Hukum Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Status Anak Diluar Nikah: Penerapan Hukum Progresif Sebagai Perlindungan Hak Asasi Anak.” Journal HAM Vol. 1, No. 8 (2017): 67–78.

Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. “Pusat Data Dan Informasi.” Health Office of Central Java Province Prifil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2014, Semarang 2015.

Nahdiyanti, Yunus Ahyuni, and Qamal Nurul. “Implementasi Perubahan Kebijakan Batas Usia Perkawinan Terhadap Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur.” Journal of Lex Generalis Vol. 2, No. 1 (2021): 166.

Oktalita, Frina, and Darlin Rizki. “Analysis of MUI Fatwa Number 17 of 2020 Regarding Kaifiat Prayer Guidelines for Health Workers Who Wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) When Treating and Handling Covid-19 Patients.” Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, No. 2 (2021): 247–70.

Prihantoro, Syukur. “Maqasid Al-Syar’iah Dalam Pandangan Jaser Auda (Sebuah Upaya Rekonstruksi Hukum Islam Melalui Pendekatan Sistem.” Journal At-Tafkir Vol. 10, No. 1 (2017): 34–120.

Rifai, Ahmad. “Sejarah Undang-Undang Perkawinan Atas Pendapat Hingga Pertentangan Dan Masyarakat Dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Tahun 1973-1974.” Journal Of Indonesian History Vol. 4, No. 1 (2015): 7.

Rizki, Darlin. “ZIS (Zakat, Infaq And Alms) Funds Management Methods In Improving The Quality Of Mustahiq Life In BAZNAS Karanganyar.” AL-FALAH: Journal of Islamic Economics 6, No. 1 (2021): 19–40.

Rodafi, Dzulfikar, and Nur Hikmah. “Batas Usia Perawinan Dalam Persepktif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif.” Journa Ilmiah Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol 2, No. 3 (2020): 1–15.

Romadhan sitorus, Iwan. “Usia Perkawinan Dalam UU No. 16 Tahun 2019 Persepktif Maslahah Mursalah.” Journal Nuansa Vol. 13, No. 2 (2020): 192–98.

Ropei, Ahmad. “Maqasid Syariah Dalam Pengaturan Batas Usia Pernikahan Di Indonesia.” Journal Asy-Syariah Vol. 23, No. 1 (June 2021): 1–20.

S. Q, Waqiah. “Diskursus Perlindungan Anak Perempuan Di Bawah Umur Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Perkawinan.” An-Nawazil: Journal Hukum Dan Syariah Kontemporer Vol 2, No. 1 (2019): 65–69.

Salinan UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, n.d.

Setyo Wrdani, Galuh Retno, and dkk. “Perubahan Pasal 7 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Pernikahan No. 1 Tahun 1974 Terkait Peningkatan Batasan Usia Pernikahan Dalam Tinjauan Ushul Fiqh.” Journal Egalita: Jurnal Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender Vol. 15, No. 2 (2020).

Suganda, Ahmad. “Urgensi Dan Tingkatan Maqashid Syari’ah Dalam Kemaslahatan Masyarakat.” Jurnal At-Tadbir: Media Hukum Dan Pendidikan 30, No. 1 (2020): 1–16.

Suhaili, Achmad. “Relevansi Batas Usia Perkawinan Dalam Membentuk Keluarga Sakinah.” Journal Al-Bayan Vol. 1, No. 1 (2018): 91–120.

Suheri, Ana. “Wujud Keadilan Dalam Masyarakat Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Nasional.” Journal Morality: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 4, No. 1 (2018).

Tarmizi. “Kajian Analisis Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2019” Vol. 1, No. 6 (2019): 38–48.

Tjandra, Riawan. “Dimensi Etika Hukum Dan Ham Dalam Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup Dan Tata Ruang.” Journal Seminar Nasional Scan, 2014, 1–14.

Triyanto, Winardi. “Dampak Pernikahan Di Bawah Umur Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974.” Journal Lex Privatum Vol. 1, No. 3 (2013): 79.

Umar, Zulkarnain. “Perkawinan Usia Muda Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tingkat Perceraian Di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Agama Kota Pekanbaru Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.” Journal Kodifikasi Vol. 4, No. 1 (2022): 1–21.

Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Ushul Al-Fiqh. Cet. 9. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 2005.

Zuhrah, Fatimah. “Problematika Hukum Poligami Di Indonesia (Analisis Terhadap UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Dan KHI).” Journal Al-Usrah: Jurnal Al Ahwal As Syakhsiyah Vol. 5, No. 1 (2017): 27–41.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i2.4016