Raḍā’ Era Nabi Muhammad dan Modern: Analisis Korelasi, Resepsi Muslim Jawa Timur, dan Solusi

Amran Amran

doi:10.29240/alquds.v6i2.4243

Raḍā’ Era Nabi Muhammad dan Modern: Analisis Korelasi, Resepsi Muslim Jawa Timur, dan Solusi

Amran Amran

Abstract

Raḍā' in the Era of the Prophet Muhammad and the Modern: Correlation Analysis, East Java Muslim Reception, and Solutions

Raḍā' is a tradition that existed at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. History records that the Prophet breastfed Aminah for no more than 10 days. Then the Prophet was breastfed by another woman. Raḍā' at the time of the Prophet was carried out directly, namely the baby's mother entrusted her baby to another woman. Over time, the concept of Raḍā' changed with the existence of an institution that operated as a reservoir for breast milk from breast milk donors. Then distribute it to the baby's mother in need. This change in concept raises its own problems because with the existence of breastfeeding donor institutions, breastfeeding is prone to occur. Whereas the existence of a breastfeeding donor agency is a breakthrough for babies in need. This article is here to find a correlation between breastfeeding at the time of the Prophet Muhammad and modern breastfeeding donor agencies. Furthermore, this article looks for solutions to prevent the existence of milk marriages that are feared by Muslims. This article uses mixed methods research as a step to find the results. The results obtained from this article show a strong correlation between Rada' at the time of the Prophet and the modern Rada' system. To avoid the existence of incestuous marriages, the researcher proposes the existence of administrative records, thus preventing the existence of breast marriages in Indonesia.

Keywords

Raḍā'; Era of the Prophet; Mother's Milk Donor Organization; Reception; East Java Muslims

Full Text:

PDF

References

Agarwal Jayagobi, Pooja, dkk. (2022). Addressing Milk Kinship in Milk Banking: Experience from Singapore’ First Donor human Milk Bank. Singapore Medical Journal, doi: https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2022031

Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal. Kairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1995.

Amaliyatul Hidayah, Zidni & Dian Aruni Kumalawati. “Larangan Pernikahan Sepersusuan: Tinjauan Islam, Kesehatan, dan Genetika,” Prosiding Konferensi Integritas Interkoneksi Islam dan Sains, 2022. http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/saintek/kiiis/article/view/3239

Annisa, Atika Nur. (2020). Rekontekstualisasi Radha’ah di Era Digital: Studi Lactashare sebagai Lembaga Filantropi dalam Bidang Donor ASI Pertama di Indonesia. Jurnal El-Maslahah, 10(2), 1-13.

ʻAsqalānī (al), Ibn Ḥajar. Fatḥ al-Bārī Sharaḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Bairūt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1379.

Baiḍāwī (al), ʻAbdullah bin ʻUmar. Tuḥfah al-Abrār Sharḥ Masābīḥ al-Sunnah. Kuwait:

Wuzārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyah, 2012.

Bharadva, Ketan, dkk. (2014). Human Milk Banking Guidelines. Journal Indian Pediatrics, 51(15) 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-014-0424-x

Bughawī (al), Muḥammad bin al-Farrā’. Sharḥ al-Sunnah. Bairūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1983.

Bukhārī (al), Muḥammad bin Ismāʻīl. al-Jāmi’ al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ. Damaskus: Dar al-Ṭawq al-Najāh, 1422.

Būṭy (al), Muḥammad Sa’īd Ramaḍān. Sirah Nabawiyah. Lebanon: Dār al-Fikr, 1977.

C, Akik, Ghattas H, el-Jardali. Ḥimāyah al-Raḍāʽah al-Ṭibbiyah fī Lubnān. K2P Briefing Note: Protecting breastfeeding in Lebanon. Knowledge to Policy (K2P) Center (pp.1-29). Beirut, Lebanon: Agustus 2015. https://www.aub.edu.lb/k2p/Documents/Final%20K2P%20BN%20Breastfeeding%20Arabic%20Aug%2025%202015.pdf.

Daud, Normadiah, dkk. (2019). Penelitian pada Kebutuhan Bank Susu Patuh Syariah kepada Bayi Prematur di Malaysia. Jurnal Midwiferia, 5(2), 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.21070/mid.v4i1.1807

Erlambang, Tanza. Uregensi: Perlunya Bank ASI di Indonesia (2015), dalam https://www.kompasiana.com/terlambang/55547a5ab67e616c14ba56af/urgensi-perlunya-bank-asi-di-indonesia.

Fadhly, Fabian. (2018). Pemahaman Agama Islam di Asia Tenggara Abad XIII-XX. Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama, 18(1), 51-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol18.iss1.art4

Fafyān, Wikhān. Aḥkām Nawāzīl al-Raḍāʽ al-Muʽāṣir. Jazāir: Jāmiʽah al-Jazāir – Tesis – 2013.

Faradila, Meike. Studi Komparatif Pandangan Yusuf al-Qardawi dan Wahbah Az-Zuhaili tentang Donor Bank ASI terhadap Status Kemahraman (Purwokerto-Skripsi-Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri, 2021).

Farda, Finanda Eka Yuni. Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Perwalian Orangtua Hasil Pernikahan Susuan (Surabaya-Skripsi-Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel, 2018).

Fataruba, Sabri. (2019). Donor Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dan Permasalahan Hukumnya serta Upaya Pencegahan Terjadinya Hubungan Kemahraman. SASI: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pattimura, 25(1), 37-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v25i1.148

Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Seputar Masalah Donor Air Susu Ibu (Istirdla’), No. 28. Jakarta: 2013.

Ḥalabī (al), ʻAli bin Burhānuddin. al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabiyah fī Sīrah al-Amīn al-Ma’mūn. Bairūt: Dar al-Ma’rifah, 1044.

Hizmiati. Perkawinan antar Kerabat Sesusuan: Studi Kasus di Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Wanasaba, Kabupaten Lombok Timur (Yogyakarta- Skripsi-Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, 2014).

https://qasp2020.bps.go.id/posts/c54cdd0f12634e1c8fd114eda67e21b0/konsep-definisi/hubungan-keluarga# akses pada 1 Februari 2022.

https://www.lactashare.id/ akses pada 02 Februari 2022.

Ibn al-Athīr. al-Nihāyah fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth wa al-Athar. Bairūt: al-Maktabah al-ʽIlmiyah, 1979.

Ibn Ḥibbān, Muḥammad bin Ḥibbān. al-Iḥsān fī Taqrīb Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān. Bairūt: Muasassah al-Risālah, 1988.

Jāsim (al), Baha’ al-Dīn. (2016). Bunūk al-Ḥalīb wa Ḥukmuhā fī al-Sharīʽah al-Islāmiyah. Jurnal Islam Hukuku Arastirmalari Dergisi, 28, 159-180. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12407825.v1

Jawzī (al), Abū al-Saʻādāt al-Mubārak bin Muḥammad. Jāmiʻ al-Uṣūl fī Aḥādīth al-Rasūl. Bairūt: Dār al-Fikr, 1972.

Karadag, Ahmet, dkk (2015). “Human Milk Banking and Milk Kinship: Perspectives of Mothers in a Muslim Country. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 16(3), 188-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmv018

Mahfudin, Agus dan Ilmiati Fatkha. (2020). Tinjauan Mashlahah Mursalah tentang Donor Air Susu Ibu di Lactashare Malang, Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 5(2) 180-198. https://journal.unipdu.ac.id/index.php/jhki/article/view/2371

Misnawati. Kedudukan Anak Akibat Batalnya Perkawinan karena Hubungan Susuan: Studi terhadap Pandangan MUI Kabupaten Sinjai (Makasar-Skripsi-Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, 2012)

Mohamad Safir, Dhamirah Nursakinah, dkk. (2020). Keperluan Dokumentasi Penyusuan Anak Susuan dalam Kalangan Masyarakat di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(2), 13-20. doi: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i2.366.

Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtasar bi Naql al-‘Adl ‘an al-‘Adl ilā Rasūl. Bairūt: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, t.t.

Nainggolan, Sri Yanti (2018). medcom.id. dalam https://www.medcom.id/rona/kesehatan/aNrDdWzk-pentingnya-menyusui-bayi-satu-jam-pertama-setelah-lahir.

Nasāī (al), Aḥmad bin Shu‘aīb. al-Sunan al-Ṣughrā li al-Nasāī. Bairūt: Dār al-Bashāir al-Islāmiyah, 1409.

Nazah, Faridah Nurun. (2019). Implikasi Bank ASI terhadap Ketentuan Hukum Radha’ah sebagai Wujud Dinamika Islam di Indonesia. Jurnal Dakwah, 23(1), 69-85. doi: 10.15408/dakwahv23i113927.

Nurcahyo, Edy dan Siti Khuzaiyah. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum Bayi Melalui Pembelajaran ASI Eksklusif dalam Perspektif Undang-undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan. JCH: Jurnal Cendikia Hukum, 4(1), 52-64. doi: http://doi.org/10.33760/jch.v4i1.59

Nurhadi, dkk, Himpunan Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang Berkaitan dengan Kompilasi Hukum Islam serta Pengertian dalam Permasalahannya. Jakarta: Mahkamah Agung RI, 2011.

Office of the Mufti, Islamic Religious Council of Singapore, Fatwa: Milk Bank. Dalam https://www.muis.gov.sg/officeofthemufti/Fatwa/Milk-Bank---English. Akses pada 09 Maret 2022.

Peratama, Ari, dkk. (2020). Studi Kebijakan dan Implementasi PP No 33 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Eksklusif oleh Tenaga Kesehatan dan Pemegang Kebijakan di Kabupaten Buleleng, Gayana: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(2) 411-419. https://jayapanguspress.penerbit.org/index.php/ganaya/article/view/533

Program For Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Strengthening Human Milk Banking A Global Implementation Framework. Dalam https://path.azureedge.net/media/documents/MCHN_strengthen_hmb_frame_Jan2016.pdf

Sa‘d al-Dīn bin Muhammad. (2007). Aḥkām al-Raḍā‘ fī al-Islām. Jurnal Majallah al-Baḥth al-‘Alamī al-Islāmī, 4(17), 01-22.

Sari, Fitri. (2018). Anak Susunan dalam Hadis Nabi dan Pandangan Ulama. Jurnal: Penelitian Medan Agama, Vol. 9(2), 309-342. http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/medag/article/view/3975

Sari, Nurpah. (2016). Reaktualisasi Konsep Raḍāʽah di Indonesia: Berdasarkan Studi Hermeneutika Qs. Al Baqarah: 233. Jurnal Studi Agama dan Masyarakat, 12(1), 15-34. doi: 10.23971/jsam.v12i1.471

Shablanji (al), Mu’min bin Hasan. Nur al-Absar fi Manaqib Al Bayt al-Nabi al-Mukhtar. Mesir: al-Maktabah al-Tawfiqiyah, t.t.

Shams al-Ḥaq, Muḥammad. ʻAwun al-Maʻbūt Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dawūd. Bairūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmiyah, 1415.

Supriyanto, Hendri, Bank Asi dan Impelemtasinya dalam Hukum Radha’, (Maret, 2019), dalam http://www.annursolo.com/bank-asi-air-susu-ibu-dan-implementasinya-dalam-hukum-radha-susuan/ .

Susanti, Dewina dan Rika Dewi. (2022). Edukasi Pencegahan Stunting Melalui Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Masyarakat. Ahmar Metakarya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(2), 107-114. doi: https://doi.org/10.53770/amjpm.v1i2.85

Syaikhu dan Ali Syahbana. Konsep al-Rada’ah Relevansi dan Metode Pemikiran Ibn Hazm dan Ibn Qudamah. Yogyakarta: K-Media, 2021.

Tim Ayahbundan/MON, Dimanakah ada Bank ASI?, dalam https://www.ayahbunda.co.id/bayi-gizi-kesehatan/di-manakah-ada-bank-asi-. Akses pada 01 Maret 2022.

ʽUbayd ʽAbdullah ʽAbd. (2017). Bunūk Labn al-Radāʽ bain al-Ḥaẓr wa al-Ibāḥah: Dirāsah Fiqhiyah Muqāranah maʽ al-Qānūn al-Waḍʽī al-ʽIrāqī. Jurnal of College of Law for Legal and Political Sciences, 6(22), 368-369.

Umar bin Ali bin Aḥmad al-Maṣrī. al-Tawḍīḥ li Sharḥ al-Jāmi’ al-Ṣaḥīḥ. Siriaya: Dar al-Nawādir, 2008.

Ummah, Karimatul. Implikasi Hukum Islam serta Upaya Pemerintah dalam Pengaturan Donasi ASI di Indonesia. Tema: Industri Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending di Indonesia: Kini dan Nanti, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hukum Perdata, 41-54. Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/35488

Watingsih, Ari Pertama, dkk. (2020). Studi Kebijakan dan Implementasi PP No 33 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Eksklusif oleh Tenaga Kesehatan dan Pemegang Kebijakan di Kabupaten Buleleng. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(2), 411-419. https://jayapanguspress.penerbit.org/index.php/ganaya/article/view/533

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v6i2.4243